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1.
J Environ Biol ; 2020 May; 41(3): 549-555
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-214509

ABSTRACT

Aim: The present study aimed to develop the hatchery technology for production of indigenous ornamental fish Sahyadria denisonii to ensure year round seeds and for conservation of natural resources.Methodology: In the present investigation, brooders were collected from wild, acclimatized to hatchery condition and enriched under captive environment. The mature brooders were injected with three different synthetic hormones namelyt. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), Ovatide and WOVA-FH at different doses (0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 ml/kg of female and half a dose to male). Results: Fishes did not release their gametes naturally after inducement. Hence, artificial fertilization was carried out after 16 hrs of injection. Among the synthetic hormones used WOVA-FH @ 0.5 ml kg-1 of female and half a dose to male showed better breeding performance in terms of number of spawned eggs, fertilization rate (75.3%) and hatching rate (83.0%). Interpretation: Synthetic hormone WOVA-FH, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and ovatide to female and male through artificial fertilization can be adopted for captive breeding of Indigenous endemic ornamental fish Sahyadria denisonii.

2.
Journal of Gynecologic Oncology ; : e84-2020.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-891657

ABSTRACT

Objective@#The management of stage II endometrial cancer (EC) is challenging due to the wide variation in surgical practice and adjuvant treatment recommendations. We sought to describe the treatment patterns for patients with stage II EC and to evaluate the association between surgical management and adjuvant therapy on survival outcomes in a large cohort of patients with stage II EC. @*Methods@#Using data from the National Cancer Database, we identified 9,690 women with stage II EC. We used logistic regression to identify association of sociodemographic and tumor characteristics with surgery type and receipt of adjuvant therapy. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between adjuvant therapy, hysterectomy type, and overall survival. @*Results@#Almost 11% of the cohort underwent radical hysterectomy; however, there was no difference in survival between surgical types even when adjusted for adjuvant therapy (HR=0.94; 95% CI=0.82–1.07). Compared to no adjuvant treatment, radiation only (HR=0.66; 95% CI=0.61–0.73) and combination radiation and chemotherapy (HR=0.53;95% CI=0.45–0.62) were associated with lower risk of death. There was no survival benefit of chemotherapy alone even when separated by histologic subtype (HR range, 0.55–1.46). @*Conclusions@#Women with stage II EC do not appear to benefit from routine radical hysterectomy though all patients appear to benefit from receipt of radiation therapy (RT), regardless of modality. Additionally, there may be an added survival benefit with the combination of computed tomography and RT in patients with non-endometrioid, high-risk histologies.

3.
Journal of Gynecologic Oncology ; : e84-2020.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-899361

ABSTRACT

Objective@#The management of stage II endometrial cancer (EC) is challenging due to the wide variation in surgical practice and adjuvant treatment recommendations. We sought to describe the treatment patterns for patients with stage II EC and to evaluate the association between surgical management and adjuvant therapy on survival outcomes in a large cohort of patients with stage II EC. @*Methods@#Using data from the National Cancer Database, we identified 9,690 women with stage II EC. We used logistic regression to identify association of sociodemographic and tumor characteristics with surgery type and receipt of adjuvant therapy. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between adjuvant therapy, hysterectomy type, and overall survival. @*Results@#Almost 11% of the cohort underwent radical hysterectomy; however, there was no difference in survival between surgical types even when adjusted for adjuvant therapy (HR=0.94; 95% CI=0.82–1.07). Compared to no adjuvant treatment, radiation only (HR=0.66; 95% CI=0.61–0.73) and combination radiation and chemotherapy (HR=0.53;95% CI=0.45–0.62) were associated with lower risk of death. There was no survival benefit of chemotherapy alone even when separated by histologic subtype (HR range, 0.55–1.46). @*Conclusions@#Women with stage II EC do not appear to benefit from routine radical hysterectomy though all patients appear to benefit from receipt of radiation therapy (RT), regardless of modality. Additionally, there may be an added survival benefit with the combination of computed tomography and RT in patients with non-endometrioid, high-risk histologies.

4.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 55(3): 186-194, jul. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899797

ABSTRACT

Resumen El sobrediagnóstico de trastornos mentales es una preocupación creciente, que se acentuó tras la publicación del DSM-V. Jerome Wakefield es un destacado crítico de la psicopatologización que, sin embargo, ha desarrollado un intenso trabajo para intentar delimitar mejor qué es un trastorno mental sin rechazar este concepto. Se realizó una revisión estructurada de la obra de este autor. Se resumen sus principales planteamientos y se realiza una valoración de su aporte al debate relativo a este tema.


Overdiagnosis of mental disorders is an increasing concern, which was accentuated after the publication of the DSM-V. Jerome Wakefield is a renowned critic of the psycopathologization that, however, has developed an intense work to try to better delimit what a mental disorder is without rejecting this concept. A structured review of the work of this author was carried out. His main approaches are summarized and an assessment of his contribution to the discussion in regards of this issue is performed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychopathology , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Diagnosis , Medical Overuse , Mental Disorders
5.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 53(4): 231-240, dic. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-772361

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Suicide is a relevant subject to public health. Its incidence has increased in Chile during the last decade. The current study aims to analyze psychological factors mediating the influence of depressive symptomatology in suicide ideation and attempt in mental health patients. Method: 96 mental health patients from public services and private practice, 67 percent female, with an average age of 30.7 years (SD = 12.2) answered Goldberg’s 12 item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12), Beck’s hopelessness scale (BHS) and coping inventory for stressful situations (CISS-21). Logistic regression and mediation analysis were used to establish suicide ideation and lifetime suicide attempt risk. Results: 22.9 percent of patients had suicide ideation during the last six months and 41.7 percent tried to commit suicide at least once during their lives. Logistic regression results shows that, after controlling for depressive symptomatology, hopelessness influences suicide ideation, and task-oriented coping influences lifetime suicide attempt. Hopelessness mediates the association between depressive symptoms and suicide ideation, and task-oriented coping mediates between depressive symptomatology and history of suicide attempt. Conclusions: Psychological factors such as hopelessness and task-oriented coping mediate the association between depressive symptomatology and non-lethal suicidal behavior, therefore they must be specifically considered in the treatment of patients at suicide risk.


Introducción: El suicidio es un problema de salud pública. Pese a los avances en salud mental, las tasas de suicidio han aumentado en Chile en la última década. El presente estudio busca identificar factores psicológicos que medien la influencia de la sintomatología depresiva en la ideación e intento de suicidio en pacientes de salud mental. Método: 96 pacientes de salud mental, de servicios públicos y consulta particular, 67 por ciento mujeres, con edad promedio de 30,7 años (DS = 12,2) respondieron los cuestionarios de salud de Goldberg (GHQ-12), de desesperanza de Beck (BHS) y de afrontamiento a situaciones estresantes (CISS-21). Se realizaron análisis de regresión logística y de mediación para determinar la influencia de los factores psicológicos en la ideación e intento suicida de los pacientes evaluados. Resultados: Un 22,9 por ciento de los pacientes encuestados había pensado en quitarse la vida en los últimos seis meses y un 41,7 por ciento había intentado suicidarse al menos una vez durante su vida. Los resultados de las regresiones logísticas muestran que, controlando la sintomatología depresiva, la desesperanza influye sobre ideación suicida, y el afrontamiento centrado en la tarea sobre el antecedente de intento de suicidio. La desesperanza media la relación entre síntomas depresivos e ideación suicida, y el afrontamiento centrado en la tarea media entre la sintomatología depresiva y antecedente de intento de suicidio. Conclusiones: Factores psicológicos como desesperanza y afrontamiento centrado en la tarea mediarían la relación entre sintomatología depresiva, y conducta suicida no letal, por lo que deben ser considerados de forma específica en el tratamiento de pacientes con riesgo suicida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Adaptation, Psychological , Depression/psychology , Motivation , Suicidal Ideation , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mental Health , Surveys and Questionnaires
8.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 84(1): 32-41, feb. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-677317

ABSTRACT

Introduction: the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most frequent consequences of exposure to natural disasters, disabling both children and adults. Objectives: to describe prevalence of probable PTSD in children who experienced the disaster that occurred in southern Chile in february 2010. Methodology: the sample consisted of 1,300 participants aged 9-16 from the Bío Bío region. The study took place six months after the event occurred. The Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS) and a questionnaire to assess socio-demographic aspects and potential PTSD predictors were used. Results: The overall rate of probable PTSD was 30.4 percent in the young population of females and 15.0 percent in males. The most strongly linked factors to the presence of PTSD were deteriorating family relationships after the event and intense fear and life threatening experiences during the event. Conclusions: results show the need for implementing preventive programs on young population affected by disasters that also include the response of the families involved.


Introducción: el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) es una de las consecuencias de la exposición a desastres naturales más frecuente y discapacitante tanto en niños y niñas como en adultos. Objetivos: se describe la prevalencia de probable TEPT en niños, niñas y adolescentes que vivieron el desastre natural de febrero de 2010 en el sur de Chile. Metodología: se estudió una muestra de 1.300 participantes de 9 a 16 años de la región del Bío Bío. La aplicación se realizó a seis meses de ocurrido el evento. Se empleó la Escala Infantil de Síntomas de Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático CPSS y un cuestionario de aspectos sociodemográficos y de potenciales factores predictores de estrés postraumático. Resultados: la tasa total probable de TEPT fue de 30,4 por ciento en la población infantojuvenil de sexo femenino y de 15,0 por ciento en la de sexo masculino. Los factores que aparecieron más fuertemente vinculados a la presencia de TEPT fueron el empeoramiento de las relaciones familiares posterior al evento y la experiencia de miedo intenso y de riesgo vital durante el evento. Conclusiones: los resultados indican la importancia de implementar programas preventivos en población infantojuvenil afectada por desastres que consideren también la respuesta de las familias.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Child , Earthquakes , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Chile , Surveys and Questionnaires , Age Distribution , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Socioeconomic Factors , Risk Factors , Logistic Models , Prevalence , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis , Tsunamis
10.
Cienc. enferm ; 18(2): 31-39, ago. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-657649

ABSTRACT

El tratamiento oportuno de los trastornos depresivos es considerado una prioridad sanitaria. Un obstáculo en el logro de este propósito es la baja adherencia o el abandono del tratamiento que realizan algunos consultantes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comprender la percepción de personas que desertaron de su tratamiento en atención primaria respecto de los factores que motivaron ese abandono. Investigación de orientación cualitativa. Las participantes fueron mujeres entre 18 y 65 años, diagnosticadas de depresión, que ingresaron y abandonaron el Programa Nacional de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de Depresión en el primer semestre del año 2008 y año 2009 en dos centros de salud familiar de la Octava Región, Chile. Se realizaron 15 entrevistas en profundidad semiestructuradas. las que fueron codifcadas y analizadas a través del método de comparación constante. Las principales razones de abandono del tratamiento se concentraron en la existencia de obstáculos en el acceso o continuidad de la atención y en aspectos relacionados con una percepción negativa del tratamiento recibido, especialmente del farmacológico, pero también del psicológico. Se observó en las consultantes que su implicación en el tratamiento era baja debido a desconocimiento del diagnóstico recibido o una discordancia entre el tratamiento recibido respecto a sus expectativas y creencias. Estos resultados indican que los profesionales de la enfermería podrían tener un rol clave en favorecer la permanencia de los consultantes en el tratamiento al poner una mayor consideración de las expectativas, creencias y necesidades de los propios consultantes.


Early treatment of depressive disorders is considered a health priority. One obstacle in achieving this purpose is the low adherence or abandonment of treatment performed by some consultants. The aim of this research is to understand the perception of people who deserted their treatment in primary care settings on the factors that led to the abandonment. The research uses an inductive strategy and qualitative approach as methodological basis. Participants were women aged 18 to 65 years, diagnosed with depression, who entered and left the National Program for Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in the first half of 2008 and 2009 in two family care centers at the 8th Region, Chile. A total of 15 in-depth interviews were conducted and thereafter analyzed using the constant comparison method. The reasons for the abandonment referred to obstacles in the access and lack of continuity in the treatment, as well as factors related to negative perception of the treatment not only the pharmacological but also the psychological one. It was observed that consultants´ involvement in treatment was low due to scarce knowledge of their diagnosis received or a discrepancy between the treatment received regarding their expectations and beliefs. These results indicate that nurses could play a key role in improving the adherence to the treatment by considering patients’ expectations, beliefs and needs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Depression , Women/psychology , Patient Compliance , Patient Dropouts , Primary Health Care , Community Health Services , Interviews as Topic , Perception , Qualitative Research
11.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 140(4): 499-502, abr. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-643220

ABSTRACT

Background: Systemic amyloidosis is a rare disease that can affect any organ. Its clinical manifestations are varied and nonspecific. The skin involvement of this disease is common and can be easily recognized on physical examination. We report a 57-year-old male presenting with a two years history of malaise, dyspnea and myalgias. On physical examination, ungueal dystrophy, orange pigmentation of eyelids with periocular petechiae and mild macroglossia were observed. Incisional biopsies of the eyelids, cheeks and hands were obtained. The pathological study demonstrated amyloid deposits. Since protein electrophoresis was normal, the diagnosis of AA amyloidosis was postulated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Amyloidosis/pathology , Skin Diseases/pathology , Biopsy
13.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 28(3): 270-274, 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-768968

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La infección por virus papiloma humano (VPH) sería factor causal de cánceres de ano, pene, vulva y vagina. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia actual en cuanto a infección por VPH y su rol carcinogénico en estas neoplasias. Metodología: Búsqueda de la literatura para identificar artículos sobre la transmisión sexual como factor de riesgo en cánceres anogenitales. Resultados: En lesiones premalignas y malignas anogenitales se encuentra en gran frecuencia el DNA de VPH, especialmente tipo 16. Se ha demostrado que la vacunación contra VPH previene el desarrollo de lesiones preinvasoras anales; en cambio, ni la vacuna ni la circuncisión parecen ser factores protectores contra cáncer de pene. Discusión: No hay estudios prospectivos que permitan establecer una relación causal entre VPH y cánceres anogenitales, lo que impide la elaboración de estrategias de prevención. El manejo de ciertos factores de riesgo sugeridos previamente en la literatura no reduce el riesgo de cáncer anogenital.


Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been suggested as a causal factor of anal, penile, vulvar and vaginal cancers. Objective: To analyze current evidence about HPV infection and its carcinogenic role in these neoplasms. Methodology: Literature search to identify articles about sexual transmission as a risk factor in anogenital cancers. Results: In premalignant and malignant anogenital lesions, an important presence of HPV DNA is often found, specially type16. It has been demonstrated that HPV vaccine prevents premalignant anal lesions; however, this vaccine and circumcision do not seem to be protective against penile cancer. Discussion: There are no prospective studies that had established a causal relationship between HPV and anogenital cancers. This keeps off the development of adequate prevention strategies. Management of certain previously suggested risk factors do not reduce the risk of anogenital cancer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Vaginal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Vaginal Neoplasms/virology , Anus Neoplasms/epidemiology , Anus Neoplasms/virology , Penile Neoplasms/epidemiology , Penile Neoplasms/virology , Carcinoma/epidemiology , Carcinoma/virology , Papillomavirus Infections/complications , Vulvar Neoplasms/epidemiology , Vulvar Neoplasms/virology , Risk Factors , Sexually Transmitted Diseases
14.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 28(4): 310-315, ago. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-603059

ABSTRACT

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum. The diagnosis is based mainly in clinical presentation and non-specific assays. PCR-based diagnosis has been suggested as an attractive alternative method. The aim of this study was the validation of a PCR-based test for the diagnosis of early syphilis (ES) and neurosyphilis (NS). Clinical samples of mucocutaneous lesions and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from patients previously diagnosed for ES and NS respectively using an enlarged gold standard, were tested by PCR. The reaction was done using primers targeting the tpN47gene. Twenty out of 21 mucocutaneous samples from patients diagnosed with ES were positive by PCR, with a clinical sensitivity of 95 percent. Four out of 8 CSF samples from patients previously diagnosed with NS were positive by PCR, with a clinical sensitivity of 50 percent. The clinical specificity for both ES and NS was 100 percent. The PCR sensitivity and specificity for mucocutaneous samples allowed us to implement this assay in our laboratory for routine diagnosis. Although the sensitivity of the PCR in CSF was low, it may be useful to support clinical diagnosis.


La sífilis es una enfermedad de transmisión sexual producida por Treponema pallidum, cuyo diagnóstico se realiza presuntivamente basándose en aspectos clínicos y análisis de especificidad limitada. La reacción de la polimerasa en cadena (RPC) ha sido planteada como una alternativa diagnóstica de mayor sensibilidad y especificidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue validar una RPC para el diagnóstico de sífilis temprana (ST) y neurosífilis (NS). Se utilizaron muestras de lesiones muco-cutáneas y de LCR de pacientes con sospecha de cursar ST y NS respectivamente, previamente diagnosticados, utilizando un estándar de oro ampliado. La RPC fue realizada con partidores dirigidos al gen tpN47. De las 21 muestras de pacientes con ST, la RPC resultó positiva en 20, lo que resulta en una sensibilidad clínica de 95 por ciento. De las 8 muestras de pacientes con NS, la RPC resultó positiva en 4, obteniéndose una sensibilidad clínica de 50 por ciento. La especificidad clínica para ST y NS fue de 100 por ciento. La excelente sensibilidad y especificidad de la RPC para muestras muco-cutáneas permitió la exitosa implementación de este análisis en nuestro laboratorio para el diagnóstico de rutina. Si bien la sensibilidad de la RPC en LCR es baja, es muy útil para apoyar el diagnóstico clínico.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , Neurosyphilis/diagnosis , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Syphilis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Treponema pallidum/genetics , Neurosyphilis/cerebrospinal fluid , Neurosyphilis/pathology , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Syphilis, Cutaneous/cerebrospinal fluid , Syphilis, Cutaneous/pathology
15.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 28(3): 262-268, jun. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-597598

ABSTRACT

Cutaneous tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is uncommon (1 percent of all cases of tuberculosis), but has increased due to the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic and to pharmacologic immunosuppression. It presents a wide variety of clinical forms depending on how bacteria reach the skin and on the immune status of the patient. We present two cases of cutaneous tuberculosis diagnosed in the Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. We emphasize the difficulty in diagnosis and classification of this disease and briefly discuss on the different diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.


La tuberculosis (TBC) cutánea es una enfermedad infecciosa crónica causada por Mycobacterium tubercu losis. Es una patología poco frecuente (1 por ciento de todos los casos de TBC); no obstante, ha aumentado debido a la epidemia del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y la presencia creciente de la inmunosupresión farmacológica. Presenta una gran variedad de formas clínicas que dependen de cómo llega el bacilo a la piel y del estado inmunológico del individuo. A continuación, presentamos dos casos clínicos de TBC cutánea vistos en el Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile y una revisión del tema.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculosis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Tuberculosis, Cutaneous/classification , Tuberculosis, Cutaneous/pathology
16.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 49(3): 288-297, 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-608782

ABSTRACT

Las controversias respecto al TEPT, desde su formulación como categoría diagnóstica hasta el presente, han sido múltiples. Se han planteado interrogantes respecto de su estatus como concepto científico por los factores socio históricos que influyeron tanto en su origen como categoría como en la expansión de su empleo, así como cuestionamientos específicos a su validez de constructo. El concepto de evento traumático, la relación de causalidad entre evento traumático y consecuencias psicopatológicas, la especificidad que tendría la respuesta traumática, son parte relevante de esos cuestionamientos. El artículo presenta una visión de estas controversias y señala sus implicaciones para la comprensión y tratamiento de las consecuencias psicológicas de los eventos traumáticos.


The controversies respect to the PTSD, since its formulation as a diagnostic category up to the present, have been multiple. Questions have been posed in relationship to its status as a scientific concept because due to socio-historical factors that influenced in its origin as a category as well as in the expansion of its use. Also, queries have been raised concerning the validity of this construct. The concept of traumatic event, the causal relationship between the traumatic event and its psychopathological consequences, the specificity of the traumatic response, are relevant parts of these queries. The article presents an overview of these controversies and states its implications for the understanding and treatment of the psychological consequences of traumatic events.


Subject(s)
Humans , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Terminology as Topic , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
17.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 48(2): 114-122, jun. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577352

ABSTRACT

Las secuelas físicas y psicológicas en las víctimas de violencia doméstica son numerosas, siendo el desarrollo del Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático (TEPT) una de las más frecuentemente observadas. En esta investigación se caracteriza una muestra de 42 mujeres consultantes por violencia doméstica. A través de una entrevista semiestructurada y de la Escala de Gravedad del TEPT, se evaluó la presencia de estrés postraumático en ellas y se analizó la percepción de las propias consultantes respecto de su situación y la atención recibida en las instituciones y programas a los que asistían. Se encontró que un 40,5 por ciento de la muestra reunía los criterios de TEPT y que un 26,2 por ciento adicional presentaba sintomatología subumbral significativa. Un 39,3 por ciento de las mujeres cuya situación de violencia había terminado continuaban presentando TEPT. La mayoría de las mujeres valoriza el apoyo psicológico recibido y lo destaca como el elemento más relevante de la atención requerida. Los resultados indican la necesidad de fortalecer el componente psicológico de las intervenciones destinadas a las víctimas de violencia doméstica y, en particular, de considerar la sintomatología postraumática como uno de los objetivos importantes de intervención.


Victims of domestic violence experience numerous physical and psychological sequels, the most common being Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). In this research, a sample of 42 women who consulted about domestic violence is characterized, to evaluate the presence of PTSD in them, along with the perception of their own situation and the attention received in the institutions and programs that helped them. Using a semistructured interview and the Gravity Scale of PTSD, it was found that 40.5 percent of the sample met the criteria of PTSD, and 26.2 percent presented significant sub-umbral symptomatology. 39.3 percent of women whose violence situation had ended, still presented PTSD. Most women value the psychological support obtained, and they regard it as the most important component of the required attention. Results show the importance of strengthening the psychological component of interventions destined to domestic violence victims and, in particular, of considering post-traumatic symptomatology as one of the most important objectives of the intervention.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Violence Against Women , Domestic Violence/statistics & numerical data , Domestic Violence/psychology , Interviews as Topic , Battered Women/psychology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Prevalence , Self Concept , Severity of Illness Index , Social Support , Women's Health Services
18.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 81(3): 234-240, jun. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-563806

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a frequently observed effect of sexual abuse among children and adolescents. Objectives: This study focused on the prevalence of PTSD among children and adolescents who were victims of sexual abuse. Method: A sample of 75 sexually abused children and adolescentes seeking outpatient care were evaluated utilizing a Children's Post Traumatic Stress Scale (CPSS). Results: 21.3 percent met the criteria for PTSD, an additional 16 percent met the criteria for a SubSyn-drome. Conclusíons: These data confirm the importance of focusing on post-traumatic symptomatology on sexually abused children and adolescents. Equally important is the finding that the majority of the children in the sample did not show symptomatology at the time of the study.


Introducción: El desarrollo de sintomatología postraumática es uno de los efectos del abuso sexual de niños y adolescentes que se observa con mayor frecuencia. Objetivos: En el presente estudio se evaluó la prevalencia de trastorno de estrés postraumático y del denominado subsíndrome de estrés postraumático en niños y adolescentes víctimas de abusos sexuales. Método: La muestra estuvo constituida por 75 niños y adolescentes sexualmente abusados consultantes de centros de atención quienes fueron evaluados con la Escala Infantil de Síntomas del Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (CPSS). Resultados: Un 21,3 por ciento cumplió con los criterios para el diagnóstico de Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático, y un 16 por ciento adicional cumplió con los criterios de subsíndrome de Estrés Postraumático. Conclusiones: Estos datos confirman la importancia de considerar la sintomatología postraumática como un foco de evaluación y tratamiento en niños y adolescentes sexualmente abusados. Sin embargo, es de importancia destacar que la mayoría de los niños y adolescentes evaluados no informó presentar sintomatología postraumática acusada al momento del estudio.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Child Abuse, Sexual , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Prevalence , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Signs and Symptoms , Socioeconomic Factors , Syndrome , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis
19.
Ter. psicol ; 27(2): 155-160, dic. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-558556

ABSTRACT

Diversas investigaciones han observado que la rumiación se asocia a consecuencias negativas en el bienestar y salud mental, y que podría ser uno de los factores que contribuya al ánimo y trastornos depresivos en las adolescentes. Recientemente se ha propuesto que el concepto habitualmente empleado de rumiación abarca al menos dos dimensiones distintas, la reflexión y la rumiación negativa. Sería esta última la más perjudicial. La presente investigación evalúa, de forma prospectiva, la influencia de la reflexión y la rumiación negativa en el desarrollo de sintomatología depresiva en una muestra de 268 adolescentes de sexo femenino. La primera medición se realizó cuando éstas cursaban primero medio; la segunda medición corresponde a la obtenida en el seguimiento de un año. Los resultados confirman que la rumiación negativa es efectivamente un factor de riesgo de desarrollo de síntomas depresivos. También se confirmó que la reflexión no muestra ninguna asociación significativa en términos prospectivos con estos últimos, sólo transversal. Estos resultados corroboran la utilidad de delimitar mejor el concepto de rumiación e indican que sería conveniente que las estrategias destinadas a prevenir y tratar la depresión en adolescentes aborden la existencia de patrones rumiativos negativos.


Different studies have found that rumination is associated with negative consequences for wellbeing and mental health. This indicates that rumination could be one of the f actors that contribute to mood and depressive disorders in female adolescents. Recently it has been suggested that the concept of rumination includes at least two different dimensions: reflection and negative rumination. The latter would be the most harmful. This research assessed, in a prospective basis, the influence of reflection and negative rumination n the development of depressive symptoms in a sample of 268 female adolescents. The first measurement was undertaken when the group was attending their first grade of secondary education and this assessment was repeated a year later. The results confirm that negative rumination is indeed a risk factor for development of depressive symptoms. It was also confirmed that the reflection showed no significant prospective associations but only an association with transactional analyses. These results confirm the need of refining the concept of rumination and the valué of addressing the negative ruminative patterns when defining the strategies to prevent and treat depression in adolescents.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Anxiety/diagnosis , Anxiety/psychology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Thinking , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Personality Inventory , Psychometrics
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